Review Packet for the Atoms Test

Your test will be on Friday 20 November or Monday November 23.

The following is a list of the topics it will cover.

Atomic Structure

- atomic number

- mass number

- isotopes

- average atomic mass

- understand how to find numbers of protons, neutrons, electrons, mass numbers, average atomic mass

- beanium lab activity

- scale of the atom (nucleus vs electrons/ sizes of various subatomics)

Periodic Table

- Mendeleev and his role

- General organization of the table

- Groups/ Periods

- Using your periodic table, find

o Metals

o Non metals

o Metalloids

o Noble gases

o Alkali metals

o Alkaline earth metals

o Transition Metals

o Halogens

o Gases (11 gases)

o Liquids (2 liquids)

o Diatomics (7 diatomics)

- Generally understand how electrons are related to defining the type of material (metal, nonmetal, metalloid, noble gas)

- Main ideas regarding reactivity of the Alkali metals from the videos

- Main ideas regarding making new synthetic elements from the element 114 video

- Differences between physical, chemical and radioactive changes

Waves and Light

- parts of a wave

- Electromagnetic force

- Kinetic and Potential energy

- Parts of the Electromagnetic spectrum (generally which are bigger and smaller than visible light)

- wave particle duality of light

- frequency and its units

- wavelength and its units

- how to use the speed of light (3.00 x 10⁸ m/s)

- how to use the equation v=lxf

- how to use Planck’s constant (6.626 x 10^-34 Js)

- how to use the equation E=hxf

- how to use metric prefixes to convert units

- color’s relation to energy, wavelength, and frequency

- how the spectroscopes (“light boxes”)work

- electron excitation

- ground state/ excited state

Important Information:

You should know that I will be away on an outing on the day of your test. This means that I won’t be able to answer your clarifying questions during the test. If you are unsure of something, it will therefore be exceedingly important for you to be clear in how you are interpreting the question and show all your work!

All equations, values of prefixes and constants will be given on the test.

You should bring your photocopy of the periodic table you colored. The only other information that may be on your periodic table is your key for the colors you used.

Expect the test to take most of the block.

I will collect this review sheet on the day of the test. Show your work on a separate page, & staple this sheet as a cover page. Remember the speed of light is 3.00 x 10⁸ m/s and Plank’s constant is 6.63 x 10^-34 J-s. The equations you need are c = ln and E = hn. The equations, the constants, and the values of the metric prefixes will be given on the test. Be sure to show your work, keep track of significant figures, and include units in your answers.

1) Use a periodic table to answer the following.

A) Fill in each cell in the table. #5 needs to have a subscript, superscript, symbol & charge.

Symbol	Atomic Number (Z)	Mass Number (A)	# of Protons	# of Neutrons	# of Electrons	Atomic Mass (amu)
1) 9^20F
2) 30^65Zn^2+
3) 16^32S^2-
4) ^15O^2-
5) ______	15	31			18

B) Which isotopes in the table above represent the most common isotope of the element. Briefly explain your answer.

2) Suppose m&m’s were an element named mnmium & each candy represents a single atom of the element. A student obtains a sample of mnmium and separates the candy as shown in the table below.

Description	Number of mnmium atoms	Total mass of this isotope
Mini’s	520	122.0 grams
Plain	240	122.0 grams
Jumbos	240	244.0 grams

A) How many isotopes of mnmium are in this sample? Explain your answer based on the data.

B) Find the mass number of each isotope.

C) Find the percent abundance of each isotope.

D) Find the atomic mass of each isotope.

3) A) Describe how atoms emit light. Include the following in your explanation: Ground/Excited State, absorption/ emission, quantized energy levels, potential and kinetic energy, Conservation of energy, emission spectra.

B) Which would emit a higher energy photon?

· A hydrogen atom in which the electron drops from the 3^rd to the 1^st energy level, or a hydrogen atom in which the electron drops from the 4^th to the 2^nd energy level?

· A Lithium atom in which the electron drops from the 3^rd to the 1^st energy level, or a Neon atom in which the electron drops from the 3^rd to the 1^st energy level?

C) For the hydrogen atom, when an electron drops from the 4^th to the 2^nd energy level a photon in the visible spectrum is given off. Will the electron transition from 3^rd to 1^st be more likely to emit a photon in the infrared or ultraviolet region? Explain.

4) What is approximate wavelength of blue light in: (Use your metric prefix chart.)

A) nanometers?

B) meters?

5) A photon has a frequency of 680 terrahertz. Find the:

A) frequency of this photon in hertz.

B) wavelength of this photon in meters.

C) energy of this photon in joules.

6) A photon has an energy of 3.85 x 10^-15 Joules. For this photon find the:

A) Frequency

B) Wavelength

C) Portion of the spectrum this photon would be categorized under.

7) This question will allow you to assess how well you know the basic names of the elements in the periodic table.

a. Which category of elements tends to lose electrons?

b. Which category of elements tends to gain electrons?

c. Which category of elements tends to both gain and lose electrons?

d. Which category of elements tends to neither gain nor lose electrons?

e. List the symbol of your favorite:

i. Alkali metal

ii. Alkaline Earth metal

iii. Halogen

iv. Transition metal

v. Noble Gas

vi. Diatomic Element

vii. Metalloid

viii. Element in the second period

ix. Liquid element

x. Non-noble gas gaseous element

8) Draw a diagram of a transverse wave. Label the crests, troughs, wavelength, amplitude, & nodes.

9) Explain the idea of frequency. A complete answer will discuss how the definition connects to the units.

10) Explain how an emission spectrum can be used to identify a particular element. A complete answer will address the ideas of potential and kinetic energy, energy levels, and the nucleus.

11) Why did Mendeleyev leave gaps in his periodic table?

12) List the four forces found in nature, starting with the weakest force and ending with the strongest force. Which particles are effected by each force?

13) Categorize each change given below as a physical change, chemical change, or nuclear change, Briefly justify you answer by listing which force is being effected as this change takes place and in terms of starting and ending conditions.

a) C₆H₁₂O₆ + O₂ -> CO₂ + H₂O

b) Boiling the liquid NH₃, NH₃ (l) + heat -> NH₃ (g)

c) Uranium changing to Thorium, ₉₂²³⁸U -> ₉₀²³Th + ₂⁴He